Modern Vascular Flora

A total of 487 taxa have been recorded as of 12/01/2001. The collections and identifications have been made by Craig Freeman and Caleb Morse of the University of Kansas, R.L. McGregor Herbarium; Kelly Kindscher and Hillary Loring of the University of Kansas, Kansas Biological Survey; and Bruce Hoagland and Amy Buthod of the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biological Survey.

Taxa marked with a plus sign (+) are not native to North America; there are 39 such Eurasian imports (8.0% of the total taxa). Another three species are native to the continent, but are believed to be deliberate 20^th century local introductions. Thus 445 taxa, or 91.4%, appear to be native (with a few caveats below). The eight taxa marked with an asterisk (*) were collected not on the ranch, but immediately adjacent to it.

Regarding the Native American ethnobotany of the native plant species, parenthetical "c" = use as cleansing agent; "d" = use as dyeing agent; "e" = edible parts (or was used for broth, non-medicinal tea, or as spice); "f" = use for fiber; "m" = medicinal uses; "r" = ritual uses. Of the 487 total recorded taxa, 209, or 42.9%, are known useful plants. Excluding the 42 Historic era introduced taxa, that percentage rises to 47.0%.

Taxa are considered disjunct if the area of common occurrence for the taxon is 100 km or more away, and edge-of-range if within 100 km of the area of common occurrence for the taxon. Disjunct and edge-of-range taxa are identified in the table, and a textual summary of these plants is provided at the end of the table. Of the 445 native taxa, 23 (5.2%) are identified as disjunct, and 27 (6.1%) as edge-of-range. A few of the ethnographically documented useful disjunct species, such as Acorus calamus, Echinochloa muricata, v. muricata, and Menispermum canadense, may represent deliberate prehistoric introductions. Other disjuncts, such as Botrychium virginianum, Epilobium leptophyllum, and Rudbeckia subtomentosa, may be relict populations of marsh plants left over from the (on average) wetter continental climate of Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene times, having survived the Middle Holocene Altithermal drought around the basal Ogallala Formation springs. We know that certain terrestrial gastropod species, such as Gastrocopta armifera and Vertigo ovata, survived along the eastern Ogallala outcrop edge in a like manner (James L. Theler, University of Wisconsin at La Crosse, personal communication). And other disjuncts, like Aristida basiramea, Aristida purpurascens, v. purpurascens, and Opuntia imbricata, could be inadvertent Historic era introductions.

Genus	Species	Common Name
Acacia	angustissima, v. hirta	prairie acacia (d)
Acalypha	ostryifolia	rough pod copperleaf (disjunct-W of range)
Acorus	calamus	sweetflag (e, m) (disjunct-SW of range)
Aegilops	cylindrica+	jointed goatgrass
Agalinis	aspera	tall false foxglove (disjunct-S of range)
Agrostis	gigantea+	spreading redtop
Allium	canadense	Canada wild onion (d, e, m)
Allium	drummondii	Drummond's wild onion (d, e)
Amaranthus	albus	tumbleweed amaranth
Amaranthus	arenicola	sandhill pigweed
Amaranthus	blitoides	prostrate pigweed (e)
Amaranthus	palmeri	Palmer's pigweed
Amaranthus	retroflexus	rough pigweed (e)
Ambrosia	psilostachya	western ragweed (m)
Ambrosia	trifida	giant ragweed (d, e)
Ammannia	coccinea	purple toothcup
Ammannia	robusta	grand toothcup
Ammoselinum	popei	Plains sand parsley
Amorpha	canescens	lead plant (e, m)
Amorpha	fruticosa	bush wild indigo (bedding, mats, arrow shafts)
Ampelopsis	cordata	raccoon grape (e, f)
Amphiachyris	dracunculoides	prairie broomweed
Andropogon	gerardii	big bluestem (m)
Andropogon	hallii	sandhill bluestem
Androsace	occidentalis	western rock jasmine
Anemone	berlandieri	tenpetal thimbleweed
Aphanostephus	skirrhobasis, v. shirrhobasis	parasol lazy daisy
Apocynum	cannabinum	hemp dogbane (d, f, m, r)
Argemone	polyanthemos	Plains prickly poppy (d, m)
Argythamnia	mercurialina, v. mercurialina*	wild mercury
Aristida	basiramea	forktip threeawn (disjunct-W of range)
Aristida	oligantha	prairie threeawn
Aristida	purpurascens, v. purpurascens	arrow feather threeawn (disjunct-W of range)
Aristida	purpurea, v. longiseta	Fendler's threeawn
Aristida	purpurea, v. purpurea	purple threeawn
Aristida	purpurea, v. wrightii	Wright's threeawn
Artemisia	campestris	western sagewort (m)
Artemisia	dracunculus	silky wormwort (tarragon)
Artemisia	filifolia	sand sagebrush (d, m)
Artemisia	ludoviciana, v. ludoviciana	white sage (m, r)
Asclepias	asperula capricornu	antelope horn milkweed (d, e, f)
Asclepias	engelmanniana	Engelmann's milkweed (e, f)
Asclepias	latifolia	broadleaf milkweed (d, e, f, m)
Asclepias	pumila*	Plains milkweed (e, f)
Asclepias	stenophylla	narrow-leaved milkweed (e, f, m)
Asclepias	tuberosa interior	butterfly milkweed (e, f, m)
Asclepias	viridifolia	green milkweed (d, e, f, m)
Asclepias	viridis	spider milkweed (e, f, m) (W edge of range)
Aster	ericoides ericoides, v. ericoides	heath aster (d, f, m)
Aster	falcatus commutatus	white prairie aster
Aster	fendleri	Fendler's aster
Aster	oblongifolius	aromatic aster (r)
Aster	patens, v. patentissimus	sky drop aster (disjunct-W of range)
Aster	subulatus, v. ligulatus	saltmarsh aster (m)
Astragalus	crassicarpus, v. crassicarpus	groundplum milkvetch (e)
Astragalus	gracilis	slender milkvetch (m)
Astragalus	lotiflorus	lotus milkvetch
Astragalus	missouriensis, v. missouriensis	Missouri milkvetch
Astragalus	mollissimus, v. mollissimus	woolly milkvetch
Astragalus	nuttallianus, v. austrinus	small-flowered milkvetch
Astragalus	plattensis	Platte River ground plum (e)
Avena	fatua+	wild oats
Baccharis	salicina	willow baccharis (d)
Baptisia	australis, v. minor	blue wild indigo (d, m)
Baptisia	bracteata, v. leucophaea	yellow wild indigo (d, m)
Bergia	texana	Texas bergia
Berlandiera	betonicifolia	Texas green eyes
Bidens	bipinnatus	Spanish needles (m)
Bidens	comosus	leafy-bract beggarstick (SW edge of range)
Bidens	frondosus	Devil's beggarstick
Bothriochloa	ischaemum, v. songaricus+	Turkestan bluestem
Bothriochloa	saccharoides torreyana	silver bluestem
Botrychium	virginianum	rattlesnake fern (disjunct-SW of range)
Bouteloua	curtipendula, v. curtipendula	sideoats grama
Bouteloua	gracilis	blue grama
Bouteloua	hirsuta, v. hirsuta	hairy grama
Brickellia	eupatorioides, v. corymbulosa	false boneset
Bromus	japonicus+	Japanese brome
Bromus	catharticus+	rescuegrass
Buchloe	dactyloides	buffalograss
Callirhoe	involucrata, v. involucrata	winecup (e, m)
Callirhoe	involucrata, v. lineariloba	cowboy rose (e, m)
Calylophus	hartwegii fendleri*	Hartweg's evening primrose
Calylophus	hartwegii pubescens	Hartweg's evening primrose
Calylophus	lavandulifolius	lavender leaf evening primrose
Calylophus	serrulatus	plains yellow evening primrose
Camelina	microcarpa+	small-seeded false flax
Campsis	radicans	trumpet vine (20th century introduction)
Capsella	bursa-pastoris+	common shepherd's purse
Carex	austrina	southern sedge (f) (disjunct-W of range)
Carex	bulbostylis	eastern narrowleaf sedge (f) (disjunct-W of range)
Carex	gravida	heavy sedge (f)
Carya	illinoiensis	pecan (probable 20^th century introduction)
Castilleja	purpurea, v. citrina	citrin paintbrush
Castilleja	sessiliflora	downy paintbrush
Catalpa	speciosa	northern catalpa (W edge of range)
Ceanothus	herbaceus	inland New Jersey tea (e, m)
Celastrus	scandens	American bittersweet (m)
Celtis	laevigata	sugarberry (e)
Celtis	reticulata	netleaf hackberry (e, f)
Cenchrus	spinifex	coastal sandbur
Centaurea	americana	basketflower
Cephalanthus	occidentalis	buttonbush (m)
Chaetopappa	ericoides	rose heath
Chamaecrista	fasciculata	showy partridge pea (e)
Chamaesaracha	coniodes	dusty false nightshade
Chamaesyce	fendleri	Fendler's mat spurge
Chamaesyce	geyeri	Geyer's mat spurge
Chamaesyce	glyptosperma	ridgeseed mat spurge
Chamaesyce	maculata	spotted mat spurge
Chamaesyce	missurica	prairie mat spurge
Chamaesyce	nutans	nodding mat spurge (eyebane) (W edge of range)
Chamaesyce	prostrata	ground spurge
Chenopodium	berlandieri	pitseed goosefoot (e, f)
Chenopodium	glaucum+	oakleaf goosefoot
Chenopodium	missouriense*	Missouri goosefoot (e, f)
Chenopodium	pratericola	western goosefoot (e, f)
Chenopodium	simplex	mapleleaf goosefoot (e, f)
Chenopodium	standleyanum	Standley's goosefoot (e, f)
Chloris	verticillata	windmill grass
Cirsium	ochrocentrum	yellowspine thistle (e, m)
Cirsium	undulatum	wavyleaf thistle (e, m)
Cocculus	carolinus	Carolina coralbead (W edge of range)
Comandra	umbellata pallida	pale bastard toadflax (e)
Commelina	erecta, v. angustifolia	slender dayflower
Convolvulus	equitans	gray bindweed
Conyza	canadensis	tall horseweed (m)
Cornus	drummondii	roughleaf dogwood (d, f, arrow shafts)
Corydalis	aurea occidentalis	golden fumewort
Coryphantha	vivipara, v. vivipara	pincushion cactus (e)
Croptilon	hookerianum, v. validum	slender goldenweed
Croton	glandulosus, v. lindheimeri	tropic croton
Croton	monanthogynus	one-seeded croton
Croton	texensis	Texas croton (m)
Cucurbita	foetidissima	buffalo gourd (c, e, m)
Cycloloma	atriplicifolium	tumble ringwing
Cymopterus	macrorhizus	bigroot spring parsley
Cynodon	dactylon+	bermudagrass
Cyperus	acuminatus	tapeleaf flatsedge (e) (disjunct-S of range)
Cyperus	lupulinus lupulinus	Houghton flatsedge (e) (disjunct-S of range)
Cyperus	x mesochorea	midland flatsedge (f)
Cyperus	odoratus	fragrant flatsedge
Cyperus	schweinitzii	Schweinitz' flatsedge (e)
Cuscuta	cuspidata	cusp dodder (d)
Dalea	aurea	golden prairie clover (m)
Dalea	candida v. oligophylla	white prairie clover (e, m)
Dalea	enneandra	nine-anther prairie clover (m)
Dalea	purpurea, v. arenicola	purple prairie clover (e, m)
Dalea	purpurea, v. purpurea	purple prairie clover (e, m)
Dalea	villosa, v. villosa	silky prairie clover (m)
Datura	inoxia	sacred datura (jimsonweed) (m, r)
Delphinium	carolinianum virescens	prairie larkspur
Descurainia	pinnata halictorum	tansy mustard (e)
Desmanthus	illinoensis	Illinois bundleflower (m)
Desmodium	illinoense	Illinois tickclover
Desmodium	sessilifolium	sessile-leaf tickclover
Digitaria	cognata cognata	fall witch grass
Digitaria	sanguinalis+	hairy crabgrass
Dimorphocarpa	candicans	Palmer's spectacle pod
Diospyros	virginianus	common persimmon (e) (W edge of range-disjunct?)
Draba	reptans	white whitlowort
Dyssodia	papposa	prairie fetid marigold (m)
Echinacea	angustifolia, v. angustifolia	narrowleaf purple coneflower (m)
Echinocereus	reichenbachii, v. reichenbachii	lace hedgehog cactus
Echinochloa	muricata, v. microstachya	rough barnyard grass (e)
Echinochloa	muricata, v. muricata	barnyard grass (e) (disjunct-SW of range)
Echinodorus	berteroi	upright burhead
Eclipta	prostrata	yerba de tajo
Eleocharis	coloradoensis	dwarf spikerush
Eleocharis	erythropoda	bald spikerush (W edge of range)
Eleocharis	geniculata	cluster spikerush
Eleocharis	macrostachya	red spikerush
Eleocharis	montevidensis	sand spikerush
Eleocharis	palustris	common spikerush
Eleocharis	rostellata	beaked spikerush
Elymus	canadensis, v. canadensis	Canada wild rye (e)
Elymus	virginicus, v. virginicus	Virginia wild rye (e)
Engelmannia	pinnatifida	Engelmann's cutleaf daisy (d)
Epilobium	leptophyllum	bog willowherb (disjunct-S of range)
Equisetum	laevigatum	smooth horsetail (m, f)
Eragrostis	cilianensis+	stink grass
Eragrostis	curtipedicellata	gummy lovegrass
Eragrostis	curvula, v. conferta+	weeping lovegrass
Eragrostis	pectinacea, v. pectinacea	Carolina lovegrass
Eragrostis	secundiflora, v. oxylepis	red lovegrass
Eragrostis	sessilispica	tumble lovegrass
Eragrostis	spectabilis	purple lovegrass
Eragrostis	trichodes	sand lovegrass
Erigeron	bellidiastrum*	western fleabane
Erigeron	modestus	High Plains fleabane (NE edge of range)
Erigeron	strigosus	daisy fleabane
Eriochloa	contracta	prairie cupgrass
Eriogonum	alatum, v. glabriusculum	winged wild buckwheat (m)
Eriogonum	annuum	annual wild buckwheat (m)
Eriogonum	longifolium, v. longifolium	longleaf wild buckwheat (e, m)
Erioneuron	pilosum, v. pilosum	hairy tridens
Erodium	cicutarium+	stork's bill (California filaree)
Erysimum	asperum	Plains wallflower (m)
Eupatorium	perfoliatum, v. perfoliatum	boneset (m) (W edge of range)
Euphorbia	davidii	western toothed spurge
Euphorbia	longicuris	Oklahoma spurge
Euphorbia	marginata	snow-on-the-mountain (m)
Euphorbia	spathulata	warty spurge
Euthamia	gymnospermoides	Texas goldentop
Evax	prolifera	big-head rabbit tobacco
Evolvulus	nuttallianus	shaggy dwarf morning-glory
Forestiera	pubescens	elbow bush (NE edge of range)
Fraxinus	pennsylvanica	green ash (m) (W edge of range)
Froelichia	gracilis	slender snake-cotton
Fuirena	simplex, v. aristulata	western umbrella sedge
Gaillardia	pulchella, v. pulchella	rose ring gaillardia (m)
Gaillardia	suavis	rayless blanket flower (d)
Galium	aparine+	catchweed bedstraw (e, m)
Galium	circaezans	licorice bedstraw (e)
Gaura	coccinea	scarlet butterflyweed (m)
Gaura	parviflora	velvety butterflyweed (m)
Gaura	villosa villosa	hairy butterflyweed
Geranium	carolinianum	Carolina cranesbill
Geum	canadense	white avens
Glandularia	bipinnatifida, v. bipinnatifida	Dakota vervain
Gleditsia	triacanthos	honey locust (e, atlatls, bows, hafts)
Glycyrrhiza	lepidota	American licorice (e, m)
Grindelia	squarrosa, v. nuda	curly-top gumweed (d, e, m)
Gutierrezia	sarothrae	broom snakeweed (m)
Gymnocladus	dioica	Kentucky coffeetree (e, m)
Hedeoma	drummondii	Drummond's false pennyroyal
Hedeoma	hispida	rough false pennyroyal
Hedyotis	nigricans, v. nigricans	narrowleaf bluets
Hedysarum	boreale	northern sweet vetch (SE edge of range)
Helianthus	annuus	common sunflower (d, e, f, m)
Helianthus	maximilianii	Maximilian sunflower
Helianthus	petiolaris petiolaris	Plains sunflower (d, e, f)
Heterotheca	latifolia, v. macgregoris	broadleaf golden aster
Heterotheca	stenophylla, v. angustissima	narrowleaf golden aster
Heterotheca	stenophylla, v. stenophylla	stiffleaf false goldenaster
Hordeum	jubatum	foxtail barley
Hordeum	pusillum	little barley
Hymenopappus	tenuifolius	chalk hill woolly-white
Indigofera	miniata	scarlet pea
Ipomoea	leptophylla	bush morning-glory (e, m)
Ipomopsis	longiflora	flaxflowered ipomopsis
Iva	xanthifolia	burweed marshelder (e)
Juglans	microcarpa	little walnut (d, e)
Juglans	nigra	black walnut (d, e, m) (W edge of range)
Juncus	dudleyi	Dudley's rush (f)
Juncus	torreyi	Torrey's rush (f)
Juniperus	pinchotii	Pinchot juniper (e, f)
Juniperus	virginiana v. virginiana	eastern red cedar (e)
Kochia	scoparia*	broom kochia
Krameria	lanceolata	ratany
Lactuca	ludoviciana	western wild lettuce
Lactuca	serriola+	prickly lettuce
Lamium	amplexicaule+	henbit
Lappula	redowskii	flatspine stickseed
Lappula	texana	cupseed stickseed
Lechea	tenuifolia	narrowleaf pinweed (disjunct-W/SW of range)
Leersia	oryzoides	rice cutgrass (e)
Lemna	minor	common duckweed
Lepidium	densiflorum	prairie peppergrass (d, e)
Lepidium	oblongum	oblong peppergrass (d, e)
Lespedeza	capitata	round-head lespedeza (m)
Lespedeza	stuevei	tall bush lespedeza
Lesquerella	gordonii	Gordon's bladderpod
Lesquerella	ovalifolia ovalifolia	oval-leaf bladderpod
Liatris	punctata	western dotted gayfeather (e, m)
Liatris	squarrosa, v. glabrata	Plains gayfeather
Lindheimera	texana	Texas yellowstar
Linum	berlandieri v. berlandieri	Berlandier's yellow flax (f, m)
Linum	pratense	meadow flax (f, m)
Linum	rigidum v. rigidum	stiffstem flax (f, m)
Lithospermum	caroliniense	puccoon (d, m, r)
Lithospermum	incisum	Plains gromwell (m)
Lobelia	cardinalis, v. phyllostachya	cardinal flower (m)
Loeflingia	squarrosa	spreading pygmyleaf
Lolium	perenne, v. aristulatum+	perennial ryegrass (e)
Lomatium	foeniculaceum, v. daucifolium	fennel-leaf desert parsley (e, m)
Lycopus	americanus	American bugleweed (m)
Lygodesmia	juncea	rush skeletonweed
Machaeranthera	pinnatifida, v. glaberrima	eastern cutleaf tansy aster
Machaeranthera	pinnatifida, v. pinnatifida	redbed cutleaf tansy aster
Maclura	pomifera	bois d'arc (20^th century introduction)
Medicago	minima+	prickly medic
Melampodium	leucanthum	Plains blackfoot daisy (E edge of range)
Melilotus	alba+	white sweet clover
Melilotus	officinalis+	yellow sweet clover
Menispermum	canadense	moonseed (m) (disjunct-W of range)
Mentzelia	decapetala	blazing star
Mentzelia	nuda	sand lily (m)
Mentzelia	oligosperma	stickleaf
Mimosa	borealis	fragrant mimosa
Mimosa	quadrivalvis, v. nuttalli	catclaw mimosa
Mirabilis	glabra	smooth four o'clock (m) (E edge of range)
Mirabilis	linearis, v. linearis	narrowleaf four o'clock (m)
Mollugo	verticillata	green carpetweed
Monarda	citriodora	lemon beebalm (e)
Monarda	clinopodioides	basil beebalm
Monarda	pectinata	pony beebalm (e, m)
Monarda	punctata, v. occidentalis	spotted beebalm (d, e, m)
Monolepis	nuttalliana	Nuttall's poverty weed (e)
Morus	alba+	white mulberry
Morus	rubra	red mulberry (e)
Muhlenbergia	asperifolia	alkali muhly (scratchgrass) (e?)
Muhlenbergia	mexicana	Mexican wirestem muhly (e?)
Muhlenbergia	racemosa	marsh muhly (e?)
Muhlenbergia	sobolifera	rock muhly (e?) (W edge of range)
Najas	guadalupensis guadalupensis	common naiad
Nasturtium	officinale	common watercress (e)
Nothoscordum	bivalve	yellow false garlic
Nuttallanthus	texanus	Texas toadflax
Oenothera	laciniata	cutleaf evening primrose
Oenothera	macrocarpa incana	Oklahoma evening primrose
Oenothera	rhombipetala	fourpoint evening primrose (m)
Oenothera	triloba	stemless evening primrose
Opuntia	imbricata, v. imbricata*	tree cholla (disjunct-E of range)
Opuntia	macrorhiza, v. macrorhiza	bigroot pricklypear (d, e)
Opuntia	phaeacantha, v. major	Mojave pricklypear (d, e) (E edge of range)
Oxalis	dillenii dilleni	gray-green wood sorrel
Oxalis	violacea	violet wood sorrel (d, e)
Oxytropis	lambertii, v. lambertii	Lambert's locoweed (m)
Packera	plattensis	prairie groundsel (d, m)
Panicum	capillare, v. barbipulvinatum	witchgrass (e)
Panicum	capillare, v. brevifolium	witchgrass (e)
Panicum	capillare, v. capillare	witchgrass (e)
Panicum	dichotomiflorum	fall panicgrass (e)
Panicum	hillmanii	Hillman's panicgrass
Panicum	oligosanthes, v. scribnerianum	Scribner's panicgrass
Panicum	virgatum	switchgrass
Parietaria	pensylvanica	Pennsylvania pellitory
Paronychia	jamesii	James' nailwort
Parthenocissus	quinquefolia	Virginia creeper (f, m)
Parthenocissus	vitacea	woodbine (thicket creeper)
Pascopyrum	smithii	western wheatgrass
Paspalum	setaceum, v. stramineum	tufted paspalum
Pediomelum	cuspidatum	tall breadroot scurfpea (e)
Pediomelum	digitatum	palmleaf scurfpea
Pediomelum	linearifolium	slimleaf scurfpea
Penstemon	albidus	white beardtongue
Penstemon	buckleyi	Buckley's beardtongue
Penstemon	cobaea, v. cobaea	cobaea beardtongue
Penstemon	fendleri	Fendler's beardtongue
Phalaris	caroliniana	May grass (e)
Phyla	lanceolata	lanceleaf fogfruit
Phyla	nodiflora	common fogfruit
Physalis	cinerascens, v. cinerascens	ashy ground cherry (e)
Physalis	longifolia, v. longifolia	longleaf ground cherry (e)
Phytolacca	americana, v. americana	pokeweed (d, e, m)
Plantago	patagonica, v. patagonica	woolly plantain (e)
Plantago	patagonica, v. spinulosa	bristle-bract plantain (e)
Plantago	rhodosperma	red-seed plantain (e)
Pluchea	odorata	purple marsh fleabane (sweetscent)
Poa	annua+	annual bluegrass
Poa	arachnifera	Texas bluegrass
Poa	arida	Plains bluegrass
Polanisia	dodecandra trachysperma	roughseed clammy weed
Polanisia	jamesii	cristatella
Polygala	alba	white milkwort (m)
Polygala	verticillata	whorled milkwort
Polygonum	arenastrum	sand knotweed
Polygonum	lapathifolium	pale smartweed
Polygonum	ramosissimum	bushy knotweed
Polygonum	tenue	pleatleaf knotweed (disjunct-W of range)
Polypogon	monspeliensis+	rabbitfoot grass
Populus	deltoides monilifera	Plains cottonwood (d, f, m)
Portulaca	oleracea	purslane (little hogweed)
Potamogeton	nodosus	longleaf pondweed
Potentilla	paradoxa	bushy cinquefoil (disjunct-S of range)
Prionopsis	ciliata	wax goldenweed
Proboscidea	louisianica	Devil's claw (e, f)
Prosopis	glandulosa, v. glandulosa	honey mesquite (d, e)
Prunus	angustifolia	Chickasaw (sand) plum (d, e)
Prunus	gracilis	Oklahoma plum (e)
Pseudognaphalium	obtusifolium	fragrant everlasting (m) (disjunct-W of range)
Psilostrophe	tagetina, v. cerifera	woolly paper flower
Psoralidium	tenuiflorum	narrowleaf scurfpea (e, m)
Pyrrhopappus	grandiflorus	tuberous false dandelion (e)
Quercus	havardii, v. havardii	shinnery oak (e, m) (E edge of range)
Quercus	havardii x stellata	post oak hybrid (e, m) (W edge of Q. stellata range)
Quincula	lobata	purple ground cherry
Ranunculus	cymbalaria	shore buttercup
Ranunculus	sceleratus, v. sceleratus	cursed crowfoot
Ratibida	columnifera	yellow prairie coneflower (d, m)
Rhus	aromatica, v. pilosissima	Pilose fragrant sumac (d, e, f)
Rhus	aromatica, v. serotina	Norton's fragrant sumac (d, e, f)
Rhus	aromatica, v. trilobata	western fragrant sumac (d, e, f) (E edge of range)
Rhus	glabra	smooth sumac (d, e, m)
Ribes	odoratum	buffalo (golden) currant (e)
Robinia	pseudoacacia	black locust
Rubus	bushii	Bush's blackberry (d, e, m)
Rudbeckia	subtomentosa	sweet coneflower (disjunct-W/SW of range)
Ruellia	humilis	fringeleaf wild petunia (SW edge of range)
Rumex	altissimus	pale dock (d, e, m)
Rumex	crispus+	curly dock
Salix	exigua interior	coyote willow (f)
Salix	nigra	black willow (d, f, m)
Salsola	tragus+	tumbleweed, Russian thistle
Salvia	azurea	blue sage (m)
Samolus	parviflorus	small water pimpernel
Sanicula	canadensis, v. canadensis	black snakeroot (m)
Sapindus	saponaria, v. drummondii	soapberry (c, d, m, dart shafts)
Schedonnardus	paniculatus	tumblegrass
Schizachyrium	scoparium scoparium	little bluestem
Schoenoplectus	pungens, v. longispicatus	common threesquare bulrush
Scutellaria	drummondii, v. edwardsiana	Drummond's skullcap (m)
Scutellaria	resinosa	resinous skullcap (m)
Secale	cereale+	annual rye
Senecio	riddellii	Riddell's ragwort
Setaria	parviflora+	knotroot bristle grass
Setaria	viridis+	green foxtail
Sideroxylon	lanuginosum oblongifolium	woolly buckthorn (chittimwood) (d)
Silene	antirrhina	sleepy catchfly
Sisyrinchium	ensigerum	sword-leaf blue-eyed grass (m)
Smilax	hispida	bristly greenbrier (e) (W edge of range)
Solanum	dimidiatum	western horse nettle
Solanum	elaeagnifolium	silverleaf nightshade (d, m)
Solanum	interius*	Plains black nightshade
Solanum	rostratum	buffalo bur (m)
Solidago	altiplanites	Llano Estacado goldenrod (NE edge of range)
Solidago	canadensis, v. scabra	Canada goldenrod
Solidago	gigantea	giant goldenrod (d, e, m)
Solidago	missouriensis	prairie goldenrod
Solidago	petiolaris, v. petiolaris	downy goldenrod
Sonchus	asper+	prickly sow thistle
Sorghastrum	nutans	Indian grass
Sorghum	halepense+	johnsongrass
Spermolepis	inermis	western scale weed
Sphaeralcea	coccinea, v. coccinea	scarlet globe mallow (m)
Sphenopholis	obtusata, v. obtusata	prairie wedgegrass
Sporobolus	clandestinus	southeastern dropseed (e?) (disjunct-W of range)
Sporobolus	compositus, v. compositus	tall dropseed (e?)
Sporobolus	cryptandrus	sand dropseed (e)
Sporobolus	vaginiflorus	poverty dropseed
Stellaria	pallida+	pale chickweed
Stenosiphon	linifolius	stenosiphon
Stillingia	sylvatica sylvatica	queen's delight
Strophostyles	leiosperma	slickseed wild bean
Stuckenia	pectinata	sago pondweed
Stylosanthes	biflora	sidebeak pencilflower (disjunct-W of range)
Talinum	calycinum	rockpink fameflower
Tamarix	ramosissma+	salt cedar
Taraxacum	laevigatum+	red-seed dandelion
Taraxacum	officinale+	common dandelion
Tephrosia	virginiana	goat's rue (m)
Tetraneuris	scaposa, v. scaposa	common bitterweed (d)
Teucrium	canadense, v. canadense	American germander (wood sage)
Teucrium	laciniatum	cutleaf germander
Thelesperma	filifolium, v. intermedium	stiff greenthread (d)
Thelesperma	megapotamicum	Hopi tea greenthread (d, e)
Torilis	arvensis+	hedge parsley
Toxicodendron	radicans negundo	Greene's poison ivy
Toxicodendron	rydbergii	Rydberg's poison ivy
Tradescantia	occidentalis, v. occidentalis	prairie spiderwort (e, m)
Tragia	betonicifolia	betony noseburn (disjunct-SW of range)
Tragia	ramosa	catnip noseburn
Tragopogon	dubius+	western salsify
Tribulus	terrestris	goathead (puncturevine)
Tridens	albescens	white tridens
Tridens	flavus, v. flavus	purpletop
Tridens	muticus, v. elongatus	slim tridens
Triodanis	holzingeri	Holzinger's Venus' looking glass
Triodanis	leptocarpa	slimpod Venus' looking glass (W edge of range)
Triplasis	purpurea, v. purpurea	purple sandgrass
Trisetum	interruptum	prairie false oat
Triticum	aestivum+	wheat
Typha	domingensis	southern cattail (e, f)
Ulmus	americana	American elm (e, f)
Ulmus	rubra	slippery elm (e, f, m)
Verbena	bracteata	prostrate vervain
Verbena	hastata	blue (swamp) vervain (m)
Verbena	stricta	hoary vervain (woolly verbena)
Verbena	urticifolia	nettleleaf vervain (W edge of range)
Verbesina	encelioides, v. encelioides	golden crownbeard
Verbesina	encelioides exauriculata	golden crownbeard
Vernonia	baldwinii, v. interior	western (inland) ironweed (m, r)
Veronica	catentata+	blue water speedwell
Veronica	peregrina xalapensis	purslane speedwell
Vicia	americana, v. minor	American vetch
Viola	pratincola	meadow violet (e)
Viola	bicolor	Johnny jump-up (e)
Vitis	acerifolia	bush grape (e, f)
Vitis	riparia	riverbank grape (d, e, f)
Vulpia	octoflora, v. hirtella	sixweeks fescue (e)
Vulpia	octoflora, v. octoflora	sixweeks fescue (e)
Xanthisma	texanum drummondii	Drummond's sleepy daisy (NE edge of range)
Xanthium	strumarium	common cocklebur (d)
Yucca	glauca	small soapweed (c, e, f, m)
Zinnia	grandiflora	Rocky Mountain zinnia (NE edge of range)

1) Acalypha monococca, slender copperleaf. Range: the eastern half of Oklahoma, western half of Arkansas, eastern half of Kansas, and western half of Missouri. The closest prior records in Oklahoma are in Caddo and Comanche counties.

2) Acorus calamus, sweetflag. Range: its core range is in the Great Lakes and Northeast states, but calamus is scattered across most of United States east of the Mississippi/Missouri rivers, and into SE Canada. The closest relative concentration in its distribution is in the eastern third of Kansas and the western half of Missouri. The only prior records for this species in Oklahoma are in Cleveland and Stephens counties.

3) Agalinis aspera, tall false foxglove. Range: primarily the Central and Northern Plains, but extending sporadically into Oklahoma. There is a cluster of records in five central Oklahoma counties, and an isolate in Woods County.

4) Aristida basiramea, forktip threeawn. Range: the eastern half of the Central and Southern Plains, the Upper Midwest, and parts of New England and the Southeast. Not previously recorded in Oklahoma west of Canadian County.

5) Aristida purpurascens, v. purpurascens, arrow feather threeawn. Range: much of the eastern United States and parts of southeastern Canada. Interstate 35 marks the western edge of its distribution in Oklahoma, but for this record and a prior one in Jackson County.

6) Aster patens, v. patentissimus, late purple aster. Range: the eastern half of Oklahoma, Arkansas, extreme southeast Kansas, and the southern two-thirds of Missouri. Again, all prior records for the species are east of I-35, but for one in Comanche County.

7) Botrychium virginianum, rattlesnake fern. Range: eastern margin of the Central and Northern Plains. Most common in the eastern third of Kansas and in Missouri. There are a few scattered records of this species in eastern Oklahoma, and another isolate in Woods County.

8) Carex austrina, southern sedge. Range: eastern margin of the Central and Southern Plains. Most common in the eastern half of Kansas and western third of Missouri. Fairly common in the eastern half of Oklahoma, ranging west to Caddo and Comanche counties. There is another isolated record in Cimarron County.

9) Carex bulbostylis, eastern narrowleaf sedge. Range: the eastern half of the United States and southeastern Canada. The species is fairly common in the eastern two-thirds of Oklahoma, but isolated populations in Roger Mills County marshes are the only occurrence known west of Caddo County.

10) Cyperus acuminatus, tapeleaf flatsedge. Range: much of the eastern half of the United States. There are scattered occurrences in the eastern half of Oklahoma, but the species is regionally most common in the eastern three-quarters of Kansas, eastern half of Nebraska, and western half of Missouri. The westernmost prior records in Oklahoma are in Grant, Jefferson, and Kingfisher counties.

11) Cyperus lupulinus lupulinus, Houghton flatsedge. Range: most of the northeastern quarter of the United States. Fairly common in central Kansas, but not previously documented in Oklahoma except for another isolated occurrence in Cimarron County.

12) Echinochloa muricata, v. muricata, barnyard grass. Range: most of the eastern half of the United States and southeastern Canada. The species is scattered across the eastern half of Oklahoma, but the closest concentration in its distribution is in the eastern half of Kansas and the western quarter of Missouri. The closest prior records in Oklahoma are in Alfalfa, Canadian, and Comanche counties.

13) Epilobium leptophyllum, bog willowherb. Range: much of the northern United States and southern Canada. Scattered occurrences have been documented in (mostly northern) Kansas, but this is the first record for Oklahoma.

14) Lechea tenuifolia, narrowleaf pinweed. Range: most of the eastern half of the United States. Most common regionally in the southeastern half of Oklahoma, western half of Missouri, and southeastern quarter of Kansas. The closest prior records in Oklahoma are in Canadian, Comanche, and Grady counties.

15) Menispermum canadense, moonseed. Range: all of the eastern United States but Florida. The species is fairly common in the eastern three quarters of Oklahoma. The closest prior records are in Caddo and Harper counties.

16) Opuntia imbricata, tree cholla. Range: the American Southwest, extending into eastern New Mexico and the western Texas Panhandle. There are scattered prior records in Oklahoma in Beaver, Beckham, Cimarron, Custer, Grady, Harmon, Harper, Jackson, and Texas counties.

17) Polygonum tenue, pleatleaf knotweed. Range: most of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. The species is regionally most common in eastern Kansas and western Missouri; also fairly common in eastern Oklahoma. The most westerly previous record in Oklahoma is in Comanche County.

18) Potentilla paradoxa, bushy cinquefoil. Range: much of the northern United States and southern Canada. The species is fairly common on the Northern Plains. Only a few scattered populations have been documented in western Kansas, eastern Colorado, and the Texas Panhandle. This is the first record for Oklahoma.

19) Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium, fragrant everlasting. Range: the eastern half of the United States and southeastern Canada. The species is fairly common in the eastern half of Oklahoma, but has not previously been documented west of Blaine and Canadian counties.

20) Rudbeckia subtomentosa, sweet coneflower. Range: the southern half of Iowa, western half of Missouri, extreme eastern Kansas; with scattered occurrences in the eastern quarter of Oklahoma and northwestern quarter of Arkansas. The closest prior record is in Bryan County in southeastern Oklahoma.

21) Sporobolus clandestinus, southeastern rough dropseed. Range: most of the eastern United States, excluding Michigan and northern New England. The species is scattered across Oklahoma east of Interstate 35. The only prior record west of I-35 in Oklahoma is in Major County.

22) Stylosanthes biflora, sidebeak pencilflower. Range: the southeastern United States, including the Ohio River and southern Mississippi River drainage basins. Not previously recorded in Oklahoma west of Caddo and Grady counties.

23) Tragia betonicifolia, betony noseburn. Range: the southeastern third of Kansas, southwestern fifth of Missouri, and the north-central to northeastern quarter of Oklahoma. Not previously recorded in Oklahoma west of Garfield and Grady counties.

1) Asclepias viridis, spider milkweed, green antelopehorn. Range: centered on the Mississippi River valley. The species occurs in the eastern half of the Central and Southern Plains, from southeastern Nebraska to Texas. It is common in the eastern three quarters of Oklahoma, but has not previously been documented west of Custer County.

2) Bidens comosus, leafy-bract beggarstick. Range: the Central and Northern Plains, and the western margin of the Eastern Woodlands from Minnesota to Missouri. A few occurrences have been documented around Oklahoma City, and the species has been recorded to the immediate west in Hemphill and Wheeler counties, Texas. However, Bidens comosus is uncommon south of Kansas.

3) Catalpa speciosa, northern catalpa. Range: western margin of the Eastern Woodlands and eastern half of the Great Plains, from southeastern South Dakota and northwestern Iowa south to the Red River. Most common in the eastern half of Oklahoma, eastern half of Kansas, and western half of Missouri. There are prior records in Custer County, Oklahoma and Hemphill County, Texas.

4) Chamaesyce nutans, eyebane. Range: most of the eastern half of the United States and southeastern Canada. The most westerly prior records on the Southern Plains are in Custer and Greer counties, Oklahoma.

5) Cocculus carolinus, Carolina coralbead. Range: most of the southeastern quarter of the United States. Common in the southeastern three-quarters of Oklahoma. The species has not previously been collected in Roger Mills County, but is known to occur in Custer and Washita counties.

6) Diospyros virginiana, persimmon. Range: most of the eastern United States, excluding the northern border states. The eastern edge of the ubiquitous distribution of the species in Oklahoma splits the state in two on a southwest (Comanche County) to northeast (Osage County) axis. Isolated populations in the spring areas of Ellis, Harper, Woods, and now Roger Mills counties could perhaps be considered disjunct.

7) Eleocharis erythropoda, bald spikerush. Range: the Mississippi River drainage basin and the northeastern United States. The species occurs in marshes west to the eastern Texas panhandle, but prior records in Oklahoma are surprisingly few (six northwest and south-central counties).

8) Erigeron modestus, High Plains fleabane. Range: western third of Kansas, southeastern quarter of Colorado, extreme western Oklahoma, western third of Texas, eastern New Mexico. There are prior records from all of the westernmost tier of counties in Oklahoma.

9) Eupatorium perfoliatum, v. perfoliatum, boneset. Range: most of the eastern half of the United States and southeastern Canada. The species is scattered across the eastern half of the Great Plains. Regionally, it occurs no further west than Ellis and Roger Mills counties in Oklahoma and Wheeler County, Texas.

10) Forestiera pubescens, elbowbush. Range: the American Southwest. The northeastern edge of the range of this species is in Oklahoma, extending from Roger Mills County to southern Blaine County and Canadian County, thence southeast to McCurtain County.

11) Fraxinus pensylvanica, green ash. Range: most of the eastern half of the United States and southeastern Canada. Common in Oklahoma in all but the Panhandle and the westernmost tier of counties, excepting Ellis, and now Roger Mills counties.

12) Hedysarum boreale, northern sweet vetch. Range: the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada, extending south into extreme northern Arizona and New Mexico, and southeastward through Colorado into the Oklahoma and Texas panhandles and extreme western Oklahoma. Previously recorded in Ellis and Roger Mills counties.

13) Juglans nigra, black walnut. Range: much of the eastern half of the United States. The species occurs sporadically throughout the main body of Oklahoma, and in Beaver County in the Oklahoma Panhandle, but the only documented occurrence in the Texas Panhandle is just across the border in Hemphill County. Black walnut is regionally most common in the eastern three-quarters of Kansas, western half of Missouri, and along the border between Iowa and Nebraska.

14) Melampodium leucanthum, blackfoot daisy. Range: southwestern Great Plains south to central Texas, west to Arizona. Not known to occur east of Roger Mills County.

15) Mirabilis glabra, smooth four o'clock. Range: the American Southwest and the western Southern Plains. There are prior records in all four of the easternmost counties of the Texas Panhandle, but the only prior record in Oklahoma is in Cimarron County.

16) Muhlenbergia sobolifera, rock muhly. Range: much of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. Regionally most common in eastern Kansas and western Missouri, the species is scattered across Oklahoma, mostly the eastern two-thirds. The only two more westerly prior records are in Woods County, Oklahoma, and just across the border in Hemphill County, Texas.

17) Opuntia phaeacantha, v. major, Mojave pricklypear. Range: the American Southwest, extending into western Texas. Fairly common in the Texas Panhandle. There are scattered previous documented occurrences in Oklahoma as far east as Grady and Osage counties.

18) Quercus havardii, v. havardii, shinnery oak. Range: eastern New Mexico, northwestern Texas, and extreme western Oklahoma. In western Oklahoma, the species has been recorded in Beckham, Blaine, Cimarron, Dewey, Ellis, Harper, and Roger Mills counties.

19) Quercus havardii x stellata, shinnery/post oak hybrid. Range: for Q. stellata, much of the eastern United States, excluding New England and the northern Midwest. Pure post oak probably does not occur west of Caddo and Comanche counties in Oklahoma. The westernmost distribution of Q. stellata in western Oklahoma as mapped in "Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains" (to the Texas line and across it into Hemphill County, Texas) is coincident with the easternmost distribution of Q. havardii. It seems likely that all of the occurrences of Q. stellata mapped in western Oklahoma are in fact Q. havardii/stellata hybrids, as on the ranch.

20) Rhus aromatica, v. trilobata, western fragrant sumac. Range: western half of the Great Plains. Not previously documented on the Southern Plains east of the Oklahoma and Texas panhandles.

21) Ruellia humilis, fringeleaf wild petunia. Range: from Pennsylvania and West Virginia southwest to the eastern half of Kansas, most of Oklahoma, and the northeastern quarter of Texas. The most westerly documented occurrences are in Roger Mills County, Oklahoma and Wheeler County, Texas.

22) Smilax hispida, bristly greenbrier. Range: most of the eastern half of the United States. The species is fairly common in the eastern three-quarters of Oklahoma, but has not previously been documented west of Harper and Washita counties.

23) Solidago altiplanites, Llano Estacado goldenrod. Range: the Llano Estacado of eastern New Mexico and western Texas. Common in the Texas Panhandle, but this is the first record for Oklahoma.

24) Triodanis leptocarpa, slimpod Venus' looking glass. Range: Scattered over most of the Great Plains, the species is most common in the eastern two-thirds of Kansas and the western two-thirds of Missouri. It has not been previously documented in Oklahoma west of Washita County.

25) Verbena urticifolia, nettleleaf vervain. Range: the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. The species occurs in all of Oklahoma except the Panhandle. The westernmost regional records are just across the border in Hemphill and Wheeler counties, Texas.

26) Xanthisma texanum drummondii, Drummond's sleepy daisy. Range: Limited to the Southern Plains of eastern New Mexico, western Texas, and southern Oklahoma. The species has been collected in all of the adjoining counties to the west, south, and east of Roger Mills County, but has not previously been collected in this county.

27) Zinnia grandiflora, Rocky Mountain zinnia. Range: The American Southwest, parts of northern Mexico, and the west half of the Southern Plains. The species is not known to grow east of Custer and Washita counties in Oklahoma.

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